Biological Chemistry is an introduction to the nature of the atomic structure, qualitative chemical reactions, and how they originate in our environment and other living organisms. This course provides foundational knowledge of chemical symbols and the periodic table of elements. Topics covered include nomenclature, isomerism, main functional groups, properties, and characteristics of organic compounds including an introduction to the physical, structural, and biological properties of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Students are taught and evaluated on biological structures and chemical compounds. Learning Outcomes: · Describe the forces that hold atoms and molecules together · Write formulas and structures for inorganic and organic compounds · Identify functional groups and associated compounds · Explain the levels of protein structure and the biological roles of protein · Describe the chromosome structure, numbers, and inheritance patterns Biological Chemistry is the foundation of nutritional sciences as it explains the symbiotic connection between micro and macronutrients and how they ultimately affect each person’s individual needs for optimal health.

Body Metabolism is intimately linked to the nutritional sciences. The goal of this course is to give students an understanding of what the body does with the food we consume. This course begins with a detailed study of enzymes including the centrality of vitamins and minerals. This course examines the metabolic reactions used to obtain energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids and reactions used to excrete wastes such as urea and uric acid. Cellular respiration including the citric acid cycle is thoroughly taught. This course provides detailed knowledge of factors regulating blood sugar including the key metabolic hormones insulin and glucagon and the metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis. Other topics include digestive hormones, production of lactic acid, lipid carriers, and the effects of low carbohydrate diets on ketosis, and more. Students are taught and evaluated on biological and metabolic pathways. Learning Outcomes • Describe the significance of vitamins and minerals for enzyme function and the factors inhibiting enzyme activity • Discuss the stages of cellular respiration and explain how the electron transport chain works • Explain digestion, absorption and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids • Detail the structure of the liver and its significance in Phase I and Phase II of detoxification Body Metabolism equips students with a key insight into the biological mechanics of metabolism with special attention to describing how the liver is the detoxification centre of the body. This course provides key insight into the biological processes of digesting and metabolizing proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.